Based on my experience:   No they won't try again.  Pay at irs.gov.   Expect a notice with penalties.

The government doesn’t play baseball.  One strike and you are out.  They aren’t going to keep trying until the payment clears.

@Jim-from-Ohio Jim why don't you just give him a payment voucher the 1040 V and then be done with it. You should do that for all of your clients. It is not our job to electronically send payment. Let them take care of paying their own tax on their own.